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    • 专利摘要:
    Method of encapsulation of active compounds by the use of microwave radiation which in a single step comprises preparing an aqueous emulsion, in which micelles composed of the active component, a coating agent and a surfactant agent are formed, and encapsulating the active component by the application of microwave radiation at a power of 100 W for a period of 10 minutes. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2705742A1
    申请号:ES201731146
    申请日:2017-09-25
    公开日:2019-03-26
    发明作者:Sanjuán Antonio Peñas；Guijarro Manuel Melguizo；Cuadrado Belén Soriano；Martos Francisco Javier Navas；Galey Manuela Cano；Paniza José López；Blanca Irene Delgado；Casanova Antonio Jesús Calahorro；Valentina Balloi；Cid Gabriel Morales；Barranco Julián Parra；Mena Ignacio Chamorro；Segado Pedro Jesús Navarrete
    申请人:Fund Andaltec I D I；Universidad de Jaen；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] METHOD OF ENCAPSULATION OF ACTIVE FUNCTIONAL COMPOUNDS THROUGH MICROWAVES.
    [0002]
    [0003]
    [0004] Object of the invention
    [0005] The present invention relates to a method of encapsulating active functional compounds by the use of microwave radiation.
    [0006]
    [0007] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0008] The invention is part of the technological sector dedicated to the manufacture of pharmaceutical products, food products, cosmetics, agricultural products, and technical materials with advanced properties, such as self-repairing materials, which need a medium or protective barrier against agents external (for example, heat, humidity, pH of the medium, oxygen), which provides stability to the active component included in these products and regulates their subsequent release, when consumed or applied.
    [0009]
    [0010] The encapsulation consists of a packing or entrapment of solid, liquid or gaseous materials, wherein said materials are covered or coated with a protective layer or film based on components that create a network with hydrophilic and / or hydrophobic properties.
    [0011]
    [0012] Through encapsulation, for example, the food industry seeks that nutrients or active materials are not attacked, degraded or oxidized; that is, it seeks to protect them, and, also, that they come out, are released in a controlled manner, from the capsule that covers them. Thus, in this food industry, nylon membranes have been used to encapsulate and trap enzymes such as pepsin, pectinoesterase, invertase and renin.
    [0013]
    [0014] Similarly, encapsulation in the cosmetic or pharmaceutical industry seeks to encapsulate principles or active ingredients that are part of the drugs to protect them and, subsequently, to be released.
    [0015]
    [0016] Currently, several encapsulation methods are known, among which in situ resin polymerization processes stand out, as they are encapsulation procedures that provide the best thermal, mechanical, and even thermal properties. chemical however, such procedures are characterized by requiring conventional thermal treatments and agitation during periods of relatively long times; for example, between 4 and 12 hours, which represents a problem to solve.
    [0017]
    [0018] The use of thermal processes or treatments during periods of high times is translated; on the one hand, at a high energy cost of the method and, on the other hand, on degradation phenomena of the active molecules, since many of the encapsulated active compounds are characterized by degrading when subjected to heating processes, as well as by exposure to the atmosphere.
    [0019]
    [0020] Therefore, the objective and interest of the method that will be described hereinafter is to reduce the encapsulation time to very low values, in the order of minutes. This reduction of time translates into a lower energy cost and the obtaining of encapsulated functional compounds with greater activity.
    [0021]
    [0022] Description of the invention
    [0023] Considering the above technical problem, a new method of direct encapsulation of active functional compounds has been designed through the novel use of microwave radiation during the encapsulation process.
    [0024]
    [0025] Microwave radiation is a high-frequency electric field that when coming into contact with any material that has electrical charges, such as polar molecules in water, can produce a heating process, as well as favoring reactions between reactive molecules.
    [0026]
    [0027] The present invention provides a method of encapsulating functionally active compounds which, in a single step, comprises preparing an aqueous emulsion, wherein micelles are formed composed of the following elements: the active component; urea-formaldehyde, as a coating agent, and an ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer (EMA), as a surfactant agent, and encapsulate the active component by application of microwave radiation, at a power of 100 W, for a time of 120 minutes
    [0028] The use of formaldehyde and urea as encapsulating agents in the present method is due to the fact that the reaction between both gives rise to the urea-formaldehyde polymer, which is a thermosetting resin of great mechanical, thermal and chemical stability.
    [0029]
    [0030] Although there may be cases of procedures or phenomena of encapsulation in which microwave radiation is used; they do not really constitute in situ polymerizations , but rather that these procedures basically dilute a compound (usually polysaccharides) in a solvent and remove the solvent by microwave radiation, so that the compound "precipitates" due to lack of solvent and covers the active ingredient; or, these known processes carry out the polymerization in two stages: in a first stage they obtain the prepolymer, by conventional thermal treatment (at 80 ° C-90 ° C), to subsequently carry out the encapsulation by means of microwave radiation. , in a different way, the present invention is completely distinguished from the cases of processes or phenomena of encapsulation that use microwaves due to the fact that in it they work with two molecules (urea and formaldehyde) that react with each other to directly give the coating This polymerization reaction has an activation energy for which it has traditionally Heating is applied by heating. In a different way, microwave radiation is applied in the present invention, which induces the reaction between urea and formaldehyde, both by molecular collisions and by heating the medium, so that the encapsulation reaction proceeds much more quickly and efficiently .
    [0031]
    [0032] Through the microwave radiation assisted encapsulation method presented here, different apolar substances are encapsulated, for example: lipid derivatives (butter, vegetable oils, soybean oil, sunflower, corn, olive, palm, cotton, rapeseed, peanut, coconut, castor oil, petroleum products, paraffin, petrolatum, short chain fatty alcohols, medium chain branched fatty alcohols, fatty ester acids with short chain alcohols, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, dibutyl adipate, medium chain triglycerides, capric and caprylic triglycerides, C 12 -C 16 octanoates, fatty alcohol ethers, dioctyl ether and mixtures thereof); antioxidant substances, for example: BHA (Butyl-hydroxy-anisole), BHT (Butyl-hydroxy-toluene), tocopherols or gallates, which retard or prevent oxidation processes; antibacterial substances, for example: DDSA (dodecenyl succinic anhydride), DPA (dipicolinic acid), menthol, etc; and polymerizing agents such as DCPD (used in the development of self-repairing materials.), etc.
    [0033] The main advantage of using microwave assisted synthesis processes is the reduction of the reaction time, which can be justified through the Arrhenius equation (K = A e-AG / RT). Considering this equation, an explanation would be based on the fact that an increase of the frequency factor A, which indicates the frequency of the molecular collisions, can increase the constant K, thus increasing the speed of reaction. Microwave radiation induces an increase in molecular vibrations (factor A).
    [0034]
    [0035] By the method described here, for example, the polymerization of the urea-formaldehyde resin is completed in 10 minutes, while under conventional heating it takes a minimum time of 4 hours.
    [0036]
    [0037] Exemplary embodiments
    [0038] To describe how the invention is made, the following examples are listed.
    [0039]
    [0040] Example 1. Encapsulation of BHA (hydroxybutylanisole)
    [0041] To 200 ml of distilled water is added 5 g of urea, 0.5 g of NH 4 Cl and 0,5 g of resorcinol, with constant agitation at 25 ° C, until a homogeneous solution is obtained. Then, 50 ml of EMA (male ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer) is added, and the pH is adjusted to 3.5 with NaOH and 1% HCl. Then, 100 pl of octane and 60 ml of BHA are added. Once the reaction mixture is obtained, it is homogenized with ultrasound, formaldehyde (11.76 ml) is added, and it is subjected to a microwave radiation for 10 minutes.
    [0042]
    [0043] Example 2. Encapsulation of dodecyl alcohol
    [0044] To 200 ml of distilled water is added 5 g of urea, 0.5 g of NH 4 Cl and 0,5 g of resorcinol, with constant agitation at 25 ° C, until a homogeneous solution is obtained. Then, 50 ml of EMA (male ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer) is added, and the pH is adjusted to 3.5 with NaOH and 1% HCl. Then, 100 pl of octane and 60 ml of dodecyl alcohol are added. Once the reaction mixture is obtained, it is homogenized with ultrasound, formaldehyde (11.76 ml) is added, and it is subjected to a microwave radiation for 10 minutes.
    [0045] Example 3. Encapsulation of DCPD (Dicyclopentadiene)
    [0046] To 200 ml of distilled water is added 5 g of urea, 0.5 g of NH 4 Cl and 0,5 g of resorcinol, with constant agitation at 25 ° C, until a homogeneous solution is obtained. Then, 50 ml of EMA (male ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer) is added, and the pH is adjusted to 3.5 with NaOH and 1% HCl. Then, 100 pl of octane and 60 ml of DCPD are added. Once the reaction mixture is obtained, it is homogenized with ultrasound, formaldehyde (11.76 ml) is added, and it is subjected to a microwave radiation for 10 minutes.
    [0047]
    [0048] By the method illustrated above, the polymerization of the resin assisted by microwave radiation is achieved in 10 minutes, a time significantly shorter than the times of processes with conventional heating. Below, a comparative table of the present invention and the methods known from the state of the art on the basis of the polymerization time are shown.
    [0049]
    [0050] Comparative table of known methods and method of the invention
    [0051]
    [0052]
    [0053]
    [0054]
    [0055] The main advantages of this method are:
    [0056] • Significant reduction in reaction time: from 4 hours to 10 minutes.
    [0057] • Obtaining compounds with greater activity, as a consequence of a shorter time of exposure of the active principles to atmospheric conditions
    [0058] • Reduction of energy consumption as a consequence of the decrease in reaction time.
    [0059] • Reduction of energy consumption, as a result of radiation Microwave is more efficient than the use of conventional heating means. Versatility of the procedure since it can be used to encapsulate all kinds of active substances whose distribution in octanol / water systems is adequate.
    [0060] It is framed within the concept of chemistry " click *" (term used to denominate generation via chemical reaction of substances quickly and reliably, by joining small units together.) The present method meets the requirements of using simple reaction conditions, use readily available starting materials and reagents (in this case, urea and formaldehyde), do not use solvents or use a solvent that is benign or that is easily removed (in this case, water is used), provide simple isolation of the product by non-chromatographic methods (in this case, by filtration).
    [0061] List of References
    [0062] 1. EN Brown, 2003. "In situ poly (urea-formaldehyde) microencapsulation of Dicyclopentadiene", Brown, E. et al .; J. Microencapsulation, 2003, vol. 20, no. 6, 719-730.
    [0063] 2. BJ Blaiszik, 2009. "Microcapsules filled with reactive solutions for self-healing materials", BJ Blaiszik et. to the. Polymer, 2009, 50, 990-997.
    [0064] 3. Mary M. Caruso, 2010, Robust, "Double-Walled Microcapsules for Self-Healing Polymeric Materials", Mary M. Caruso et al. App. Mater. Interfaces, 2010, 2, 1195.
    [0065] 4. P. Rochmadi, 2010, "Mechanism of Microencapsulation with Urea-Formaldehyde Polymer", P. Rochmadi et. to the. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2010, 7 (6): 739 745.
    [0066] 5. Dong Yu Zhu, 2013, Thermo-molded self-healing thermoplastics containing multilayer microreactors, Dong Yu Zhu et. al, 2013, J. Mater. Chem. A, 1, 7191.
    [0067] 6. Wang Rui, 2013, "The Preparation and Research of Microcapsules in Self-healing Coatings," Wang Rui et. al, Advanced Materials Research, 2013, Vol. 800 pp 471-475.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    1. Method of encapsulation of active functional compounds by microwaves characterized in that, in a single step, it comprises preparing an aqueous emulsion, in which micelles composed of the following are formed: active component, coating agent and surfactant agent, and encapsulate the active component by applying microwave radiation, at a power of 100 W, for a time of 10 minutes.
    [2]
    2. Method of encapsulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating agent is urea-formaldehyde.
    [3]
    Encapsulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfactant agent is ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2705742B2|2019-09-09|
    引用文献:
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    WO2015084074A1|2013-12-04|2015-06-11|주식회사 씨앤지|Polymer fine capsule comprising functional materials and manufacturing method therefor|
    WO2015175947A1|2014-05-15|2015-11-19|The George Washington University|Microencapsulation of chemical additives|
    法律状态:
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